Type 2 Diabetes - The Three I's Of Type 2 Diabetes That You Need To Know

 

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels, and it occurs when the body is unable to properly use and store glucose (a type of sugar) as energy. This is caused by a combination of resistance to insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels) and a lack of insulin production by the pancreas. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes include increased thirst and urination, fatigue, and blurred vision.

As of 2021, there are more than 460 million people with type 2 diabetes globally. Of these, it is anticipated that about 40% of them do not know they have this disease.  And by 2050, it is projected that about 700 million people will have this disease globally. This will put a significant strain on the healthcare systems of all countries, some of whom may not be able to cope with it. So, an imminent cure is very vital.

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include obesity, physical inactivity, family history of diabetes, and increasing age. People with type 2 diabetes may experience symptoms such as increased thirst and urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. Over time, high blood sugar levels can lead to serious health complications, including heart disease, nerve damage, kidney damage, and blindness.

Treatment for type 2 diabetes typically includes lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, medication, and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels. Eating a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting regular physical activity can help control blood sugar levels. Medications such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and GLP-1 receptor agonists may be prescribed to help lower blood sugar levels. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels with a blood glucose meter is also important to ensure that blood sugar levels are within a healthy range.

It is worth noting that type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease, which means that over time, the body's ability to produce insulin can decline. As a result, some people with type 2 diabetes may eventually need insulin injections to manage their blood sugar levels.

In this blog, I will explore with you the 3 I's of type 2 diabetes.

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The Three I's of Type 2 Diabetes

There is now a common understanding amongst many medical practitioners about the causes or alleged causes of type 2 diabetes. It is not universally accepted by several practitioners, but there is evidence building on the causes of type 2 diabetes.

Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes – The Connection

Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, which leads to high blood sugar levels. Insulin resistance is a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes, and it is considered to be one of the main causes of this disease.

In a healthy person, insulin helps to regulate blood sugar levels by signaling the body's cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy. In people with insulin resistance, the cells do not respond properly to insulin, which means that they do not take up glucose as efficiently. This leads to an accumulation of glucose in the bloodstream, which causes blood sugar levels to rise.

When blood sugar levels remain high over time, it can cause damage to the body's organs and systems. The pancreas, which is responsible for producing insulin, can eventually become unable to keep up with the body's demand for insulin. This leads to a decrease in insulin production, which in turn can cause blood sugar levels to rise even further.

The cause of insulin resistance is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes include obesity, physical inactivity, and a diet high in processed foods and added sugars.

Treatment for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes typically involves lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, medication, and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels. Eating a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting regular physical activity can help improve insulin sensitivity and control blood sugar levels. Medications such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and GLP-1 receptor agonists may be prescribed to help lower blood sugar levels.

It is important to note that people with insulin resistance may not have obvious symptoms and may not be aware that they have it. However, as the condition progresses, symptoms such as increased thirst and urination, fatigue, and blurred vision may develop. In addition, over time, high blood sugar levels associated with insulin resistance can lead to serious health complications, such as heart disease, nerve damage, kidney damage, and blindness.

Prevention of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes is also important. People who are at high risk for these conditions can take steps to reduce their risk, such as maintaining a healthy weight, eating a healthy diet, and getting regular physical activity. For people who are overweight or obese, losing even a small amount of weight can significantly lower their risk for developing type 2 diabetes.

It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new diet regimen or changing any medication, particularly if you have type 2 diabetes or other ailments.

Inflammation and Type 2 Diabetes - The Connection

Inflammation and type 2 diabetes have a complex relationship. Inflammation is a natural response of the body's immune system to injury or infection, but when it becomes chronic, it can contribute to the development of various diseases, including type 2 diabetes.

Recent research suggests that chronic inflammation may play a role in the development of insulin resistance, which is a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes. Inflammation can cause damage to the body's cells and tissues, including the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas and the cells that respond to insulin in other parts of the body. This damage can cause the cells to become less responsive to insulin, leading to insulin resistance.

In addition, chronic inflammation can also contribute to the development of obesity, which is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue (fat cells) is not only a storage site for excess energy but also an active endocrine organ releasing hormones and inflammatory mediators. When adipose tissue expands, it can release inflammatory molecules that can contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Some studies also suggest that people with type 2 diabetes may have higher levels of inflammation in their bodies compared to people without diabetes. This chronic inflammation can contribute to the development of diabetes-related complications such as heart disease, nerve damage, and kidney damage.

Therefore, managing inflammation is important in preventing and managing type 2 diabetes. Eating a healthy diet that is low in processed foods and added sugars, getting regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight can help to reduce inflammation and lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Medications such as metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists may also be used to help lower blood sugar levels and reduce inflammation.

Here is some more information on Type 2 Diabetes which talks about reversing it.

In addition to lifestyle changes and medications, there are other strategies that may help to reduce inflammation and lower the risk of type 2 diabetes. Consuming the following food or partaking in the following may be helpful:

 

·       Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish, such as salmon and tuna, and in flaxseeds, chia seeds and walnuts, have anti-inflammatory properties and may help to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

·       Vitamin D deficiency is also linked to inflammation and a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Getting regular exposure to sunlight or taking vitamin D supplements may help to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

·       Herbs and spices such as turmeric, ginger, and cinnamon have anti-inflammatory properties and may help to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

·       Probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria found in fermented foods such as yogurt and kefir, may also help to reduce inflammation and lower the risk of type 2 diabetes.

It is important to note that these strategies may not be appropriate for everyone and should be discussed with a healthcare professional before being implemented.

Intermittent Fasting and Type 2 Diabetes - The Connection

Intermittent fasting is a pattern of eating where a person alternates between periods of eating and periods of not eating or significantly reducing calorie intake. Intermittent fasting has been studied as a potential strategy for managing type 2 diabetes.

Research suggests that intermittent fasting may have several beneficial effects on blood sugar control and insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes. One study found that an intermittent fasting diet resulted in a significant reduction in blood sugar levels and an improvement in insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes. Another study found that an intermittent fasting diet improved blood sugar control and resulted in weight loss in people with type 2 diabetes.

Intermittent fasting may also help to improve other metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and inflammation. Studies have shown that intermittent fasting can lead to weight loss and decrease inflammation in people with type 2 diabetes.

It's also important to note that it's not a one-size-fits-all approach and the type of intermittent fasting may have different effects on people with type 2 diabetes. Some studies have suggested that time-restricted feeding, where a person eats all of their daily calories within a specific time window, may be more beneficial for blood sugar control than alternate-day fasting, where a person eats very little one day and then eats normally the next.

Intermittent fasting is still a relatively new area of research, and more studies are needed to fully understand its effects on type 2 diabetes and other health conditions. However, it appears that intermittent fasting may have several potential benefits for people with type 2 diabetes, including:

·       Improved blood sugar control: Intermittent fasting has been shown to reduce blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes. This may be due to the fact that fasting increases the sensitivity of cells to insulin, which helps to lower blood sugar levels.

·       Weight loss: Intermittent fasting may help people with type 2 diabetes to lose weight, which can also improve blood sugar control and reduce the risk of other diabetes-related complications.

·       Reduced inflammation: Intermittent fasting has been shown to decrease inflammation in people with type 2 diabetes, which may help to reduce the risk of other diabetes-related complications.

·       Reduced risk of heart disease: Intermittent fasting has been shown to improve cholesterol levels and blood pressure, which may reduce the risk of heart disease in people with type 2 diabetes.

However, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new diet regimen or changing any medication, particularly if you have type 2 diabetes or other ailments.

Since intermittent fasting is closely related to dieting and eating appropriate food, I have a quiz here for you to find out more.

Summary of the Three (I’s) of Type 2 Diabetes - How can Knowledge of Insulin Resistance, Inflammation and Intermittent Fasting Control, Manage or Reverse Type 2 Diabetes?

Insulin resistance, inflammation, and intermittent fasting are all factors that can play a role in the development and management of type 2 diabetes.

Insulin resistance: Insulin resistance is when the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, making it difficult for the body to regulate blood sugar levels. This is a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes. To manage insulin resistance, it's important to maintain a healthy weight, eat a healthy diet, and get regular physical activity. Medications such as metformin, sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones can also help to lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity.

Inflammation: Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection, and chronic inflammation has been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes. To manage inflammation, it's important to eat an anti-inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish such as salmon, can also help to reduce inflammation.

Intermittent fasting: Intermittent fasting is an eating pattern that involves alternating periods of eating and fasting. Research suggests that intermittent fasting may help to improve insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes. This can include time-restricted feeding, where food is consumed during a specific time window (e.g. 8-hours), or alternate day fasting, where food is consumed every other day. However, it is important to note that Intermittent fasting is not recommended for everyone, particularly for those with hypoglycemia, type 1 diabetes, or other medical conditions.

In summary, knowledge of insulin resistance, inflammation, and intermittent fasting can be used to control, manage, or even reverse type 2 diabetes by maintaining a healthy weight, eating a healthy diet, getting regular physical activity, medications, and adopting an anti-inflammatory diet and/or intermittent fasting.

However, it is important to consult with your healthcare professional before making any major dietary changes or changes to your medicines or starting intermittent fasting as it may not be suitable for everyone.

What do experts say about Type 2 Diabetes? What do they say about Insulin Resistance, Inflammation and Intermittent Fasting?

Dr. Jason Fung is a Canadian nephrologist and author who has written extensively on the topic of type 2 diabetes. He has a particular interest in the role of diet and lifestyle in the management and reversal of the disease.

He argues that the traditional approach to treating type 2 diabetes, which focuses on managing blood sugar levels with medications and insulin, is not effective in the long-term and can actually make the disease worse. Instead, he argues that the root cause of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance, which is caused by a diet that is high in refined carbohydrates and added sugars. He argues that by reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing healthy fat intake, it is possible to improve insulin sensitivity and reverse type 2 diabetes.

He also emphasizes the importance of weight loss in the management of type 2 diabetes, as excess body fat is a major contributor to insulin resistance. He advocates for intermittent fasting as a way to achieve weight loss and improve insulin sensitivity. He believes that intermittent fasting can improve the body's ability to burn fat for energy, and reduce the need for insulin.

He says that type 2 diabetes can be reversed, in many cases, by following a low carbohydrate diet, intermittent fasting and weight loss. He argues that insulin resistance, inflammation, and weight gain are the main drivers of type 2 diabetes, and that by addressing these underlying causes, it is possible to reverse the disease.

Dr. Fung also stresses the importance of addressing the underlying metabolic and hormonal imbalances that lead to type 2 diabetes, such as chronic inflammation, high insulin levels, and hormonal imbalances, through a low carbohydrate diet, intermittent fasting and weight loss.

It is important to note that Dr. Fung's approach to treating type 2 diabetes is considered controversial by some in the medical community, and his ideas are not widely accepted as the standard of care.  It is always important to consult with a qualified healthcare professional before making any significant changes to your diet or exercise regimen.

Dr Jason Fung has written a very comprehensive book about preventing and reversing Type 2 diabetes. It is a very good read, and you can access it here.

Others who think like Dr Jason Fung and a summary of what each of them have to say.

Dr. Jason Fung is not alone in his belief that type 2 diabetes can be managed and even reversed. Other doctors and researchers who share similar views include:

·       Dr. Sarah Hallberg, medical director of the Medically Supervised Weight Loss Program at Indiana University Health Arnett. Dr. Hallberg is a strong advocate of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for the management of type 2 diabetes. She also emphasizes the importance of weight loss and regular physical activity in reversing the disease.

·       Dr. Eric Westman, a physician and researcher at Duke University. Dr. Westman is a leading advocate of the low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for the management of type 2 diabetes. He argues that a diet high in refined carbohydrates and added sugars is a major contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes and that by reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing healthy fat intake, it is possible to improve insulin sensitivity and reverse the disease.

·       Dr. Richard Bernstein, a physician and author who has written extensively on the topic of diabetes. Dr. Bernstein is a strong advocate of a low-carbohydrate diet for the management of type 2 diabetes. He argues that by reducing carbohydrate intake, it is possible to improve insulin sensitivity and manage blood sugar levels. He also emphasizes the importance of regular physical activity and monitoring blood sugar levels to achieve optimal diabetes management.

·       Dr. David Unwin, general practitioner in the UK, Dr. Unwin is a strong advocate of low-carbohydrate diet for the management of type 2 diabetes. He has written extensively on the subject and has been featured in many media outlets. He also emphasizes the importance of regular monitoring of blood sugar levels to achieve optimal diabetes management.

·       Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt, a physician and founder of DietDoctor.com, is a strong advocate of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for the management of type 2 diabetes. He argues that a diet high in refined carbohydrates and added sugars is a major contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes and that by reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing healthy fat intake, it is possible to improve insulin sensitivity and reverse the disease.

·       Dr. Ted Naiman, a physician and author of "The P:E Diet". Dr. Naiman argues that the key to managing type 2 diabetes is to reduce carbohydrate intake and increase healthy fat intake, especially saturated fat. He also emphasizes the importance of regular physical activity and weight loss in reversing the disease.

·       Dr. Jason Fung and Dr. Brian Lenzkes, they are the co-authors of "The Complete Guide to Fasting" in which they argue that intermittent fasting can help to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation and reverse type 2 diabetes. They also suggest that this approach can improve other health markers such as blood pressure, cholesterol and triglycerides.

·       Dr. Eric Kossoff, a specialist in neurology and pediatrics, he has published multiple studies in the field of ketogenic diet and how it can be helpful in type 2 diabetes. He emphasizes on the importance of ketogenic diet for type 2 diabetes management as it can lead to weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity.

All of these doctors and researchers believe that type 2 diabetes can be managed and even reversed through changes in diet and lifestyle, specifically through a low carbohydrate diet, weight loss, and regular physical activity.

They argue that by addressing the underlying causes of type 2 diabetes, such as insulin resistance, inflammation, and weight gain, it is possible to manage and reverse the disease.

Always consult your healthcare professional especially before making any changes to your diet or medication if you are being treated for any ailments.